Disorder

Primary Cause

Occurrence

Market Effect

Brown Center
Hollow Heart

rapid growth
after stress

early to
mid bulking

quality
poor processing

Blackheart

low oxygen,
wet soil

bulking and storage

quality
poor processing

Heat
Necrosis

heat,
acid soil

harvest

quality
poor processing

Vascular
Discoloration

fast vine death,
low moisture

harvest

poor processing

Jelly End
Glassy End

fast vine death,
low moisture

harvest

poor processing

Heat
Sprouting

hot soil

late
bulking

quality, yield
poor processing

Internal
Sprouting

piling,
sprout inhibition

storage

quality
poor seed

Chilling
Freezing

low
temperature

harvest and storage

quality
yield prone to rots